Faras

Pachoras

Project name:

The International Campaign to Safeguard the Monuments of Nubia (coordinated by UNESCO)
Type of site:

Cathedral

Location:

Sudan
Nubia, capital of the kingdom of Nobadia

Dating:

7th–14th century AD

Most interesting finds:

– Mud-brick church – the oldest building inside the fortifications
– The first cathedral from the 7th century
– 169 wall paintings executed in tempera on dry plaster
– Approximately 750 inscriptions in Greek, Old Nubian and Coptic
– The List of Bishops of Faras: besides the names of hierarchs, it gives the number of years of their reigns
– Blocks from Pharaonic buildings of Tuthmosis III and Ramesses II (from the temple in Buhen which lies at a distance of about 50 km)
– Foundation inscription from AD 707 mentioning Merkurios, the king of Makuria
– Commemorative stele with Greek and Coptic inscriptions

History of research:

Dates of PCMA mission’s work:
1961–1964

Type of research:

Excavations, salvage excavations, conservation work

Directors:

Kazimierz Michałowski

Co-operating institutions:

– Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw
– National Museum in Warsaw
– Sudan Antiquities Service

Additional information:

At the beginning of the 20th century, excavations in Faras were conducted by a British mission under the direction of Francis Griffith. The Polish archaeological mission carried out its activities as part of the international Nubian Campaign, which was initiated by UNESCO in connection with the building of the High Dam at Aswan. Presentl,y the site is under the waters of the artificial Lake Nasser.

Description of the site and research:

The discovery of the cathedral in Faras with its well-preserved wall paintings was hailed as the “miracle of Faras” by international press. The cathedral complex consists of sacral buildings named after the bishops who founded them: Aetios, Paulos and Petros.

The wall paintings:

Inside the cathedral, the excavators discovered 169 wall paintings executed in tempera on dry plaster. It is the largest collection of Christian Nubian painting ever found, showing its development from the 8th to the 13th century. As part of the salvage excavations, 120 wall paintings were taken down, 66 of which were transported to the National Museum in Warsaw. The Faras Gallery there is the only exhibition of objects of Christian Nubian art from the 8th–14th centuries in Europe and unique on an international scale. The rest of the wall paintings are on display in the National Museum in Khartoum. Both galleries were opened in 1972; in 2014, the Warsaw gallery was reopened in a new configuration.

The depictions on the wall paintings include the following scenes:

– archangels, mainly Michael, who is depicted several times in the Faras cathedral;
– Virgin Mary (different iconographic motifs – enthroned, standing, usually with Child);
– the Apostles, of whom John and Peter are the most popular;
– local saints, e.g., Saint Ammonius, or the only existing portrait of Saint Kaau;
– three compulsory scenes: Byzantine-type Nativity (with the Three Magi on horses, Virgin Mary reclining on the bed and Christ in a manger in the form of a masonry-structure), Passion with the Entombment of Christ, and Three Youths in a Fiery Furnace.

In the late phase of the cathedral’s functioning, its walls were mainly adorned with paintings of current dignitaries.

The List of Bishops of Faras:

The most valuable discovery from the historians’ point of view is the List of Bishops of Faras, a document which mentiones the length of each hierarch’s reign, besides his name. Combining this information with that from other documents it was thus possible to date each episcopate, which, in turn, allowed to establish the date of many of the wall paintings. The List of Bishops of Faras was copied from an older document in 902, and new names were then added regularly until 1169.

Chronology:

– blocks from Pharaonic buildings of Tuthmosis III and Ramesses II;
– mud-brick church, later the first cathedral (7th century AD);
– 620: Bishop Aetios erects the oldest cathedral in Pachoras (Faras) on the ruins of an earlier church;
– 707: Bishop Paulos begins the reconstruction of the Faras cathedral; the oldest wall paintings in the cathedral date to the 8th century AD;
– 903–923: Bishop Kollouthos commissions the replastering of the walls of the cathedral and the execution of a new painted decoration;
– 974–997: Bishop Petros rebuilds the cathedral. Flat ceilings are replaced with barrel vaults and domes resting on pillars, and new wall paintings are executed. Work on the decoration is continued by Petros’ successors: bishops Ioannes and Marianos (1005);
– 1293–1304: The Mamluk raids on Egypt and internal power struggles result in the decline and fall of Christian Makuria. Islam supplants Christianity in Nubia, the cathedral falls into ruin, and its remains are buried under the desert sand;
– On the top of the kom covering the ruins of the cathedral, an Arab citadel is built, probably in the 17th century AD.

Other resources about the mission:

Selected events associated with the project:

Links:

Project bibliography:

Makowski P., (2019), Trójca Święta pod przedstawieniem Maistas Domini z katedry w Faras, AD REM 3/2019, 22–31

Wozniak M.M., (2019), Études des peintures murales médiévales soudanaises de 1963 à nos jours – Essai d’historiographie, Afriques, Débats, méthodes et terrains d’histoire 10. DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.2373

Jakobielski, S., Martens-Czarnecka, M., Łaptaś, M., Mierzejewska, B., & Rostkowska, B. (2017). Pachoras/Faras. The wall paintings from the Cathedrals of Aetios, Paulos and Petros. Warsaw: PCMA UW; IKŚiO PAN; Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie.

Górecki, T. (2016). Fragment naczynia z katedry w Faras – relikwiarz czy naczynie na chleby eucharystyczne? [The vessel fragment from Faras cathedral: a reliquary or a vessel for eucharistic bread?]. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 130–141.

Jakobielski, S. (2016). Chronologia wczesnych malowideł ściennych z katedry w Faras (VIII-IX wiek) (=Paideia studia archeologiczne i orientalistyczne), Warsaw: IKŚiO PAN.

Jakobielski, S. (2016). The murals on entrance porch of the Faras Cathedral. Études et Travaux, 29, 75–94.

Makowski P., (2016), In Search of Nubian Master-Builders: An Architectural Drawing from the Cathedral in Faras (with an appendix: Prayer of a young woman by van Gervern Oei V.), Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 25, 809–833 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.3017

Jakobielski, S. (2014). Malowidła z Faras. Pół wieku po odkryciu [Wall paintings from Faras. Half a century after discovery]. In S. Szafrański (Ed.), Sztuka Afryki w kolekcjach i badaniach polskich (pp. 253–280). Szczecin: Muzeum Narodowe.

Mierzejewska, B. (2014). Galeria Faras im. Profesora Kazimierza Michałowskiego: przewodnik [Guide to the Professor Kazimierz Michałowski Faras Gallery]. Warsaw: Muzeum Narodowe.

Mierzejewska, B. (2014). The Professor Kazimierz Michałowski Faras Gallery: Guidebook. Warsaw: National Museum in Warsaw.

Sulikowska, A., & Mierzejewska, B. (2014). Exhibition Room VI. Wall paintings from Faras Cathedral. In B. Mierzejewska, The Professor Kazimierz Michałowski Faras Gallery: Guidebook (pp. 106–197). Warsaw: National Museum.

Godlewski, W., & Łajtar, A. (2013). Faras. In Voices from the Nile Valley: Polish archaeology between Alexandria and Dongola. Warsaw: Warsaw University Press.

Jakobielski, S. (2013). Faras. In D. Bagińska (Ed.), Wielkie królestwa chrześcijańskie w Nubii / The great Christian kingdoms of Nubia (pp. 15–19). Poznań: Muzeum Archeologiczne w Poznaniu.

Jakobielski, S. (2013). Katedra w Faras / Faras Cathedral. In D. Bagińska (Ed.), Wielkie królestwa chrześcijańskie w Nubii / The great Christian kingdoms of Nubia (pp. 20–29). Poznań: Muzeum Archeologiczne w Poznaniu.

Mierzejewska, B. (2013). Malowidła ścienne z Faras [Wall paintings from Faras]. In A. Morawińska & R. Higersberger (Eds.), Skarby sztuki: Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie (pp. 42–49). Warsaw: Arkady.

Szymańska, A. (2010). Liminal bishops: Episcopal portraits from the Cathedral of Pachoras, Nubia (Unpubl. MA thesis, Temple University, Philadelphia). Retrieved from http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/86848

Łajtar, A. (2009). Varia Nubica XIII: Die Titulatur des Königs Moüses Georgios nach einer Wandinschrift aus der Faras-Kathedrale In A. Łajtar, Varia Nubica XII–XIX. Journal of Juristic Papyrology, 39, 89–97.

Łajtar, A. (2009). Varia Nubica XVIII: Ein Gebet an Erzengel Raphael aus der Kathedrale zu Faras In A. Łajtar, Varia Nubica XII–XIX. Journal of Juristic Papyrology, 39, 111–115.

Godlewski, W. (2008). Bishops and kings. The official program of the Pachoras (Faras) Cathedrals. In W. Godlewski & A. Łajtar (Eds.), Between the cataracts: Proceedings of the 11th Conference for Nubian studies, Warsaw University, 27 August – 2 September 2006, I. Main papers (pp. 263–282). Warsaw: Warsaw University Press.

D’Achille, A. M. (2007). Un problema di iconografia trinitaria tra Oriente e Occidente: l’affresco di Vallepietra e le immagini di Faras (Nubia). Convergenze poligenetiche o emergenze corradicali? In A. C. Quintavalle (Ed.), Medioevo mediterraneo: l’Occidente, Bisanzio e l’Islam. Atti del convegno internazionale di studi, Parma, 21-25 settembre 2004 (pp. 511–524). Milan: Electa.

Jakobielski, S. (2007). Nubian scenes of protection from Faras as an aid to dating. Études et Travaux, 21, 43–51.

van der Vliet, J. (2007). Exit Tamer, Bishop of Faras (SB V 8728). Journal of Juristic Papyrology, 37, 185–191.

Godlewski, W. (2006). Pachoras: The cathedrals of Aetios, Paulos and Petros. The architecture. Warsaw: Warsaw University Press.

Adams, W. Y. (2005). The West Bank survey from Faras to Gemai II. Sites of Meroitic and Ballaña age. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Adams, W. Y. (2005). The West Bank survey from Faras to Gemai III. Sites of Christian age. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Mierzejewska, B. (2005). Faras Gallery. The Professor Kazimierz Michałowski Faras Gallery. Warsaw: National Museum.

Łaptaś, M. (2003). Representations of angelic hierarchy in a Nativity scene from Faras cathedral. GAMAR, 2, 137–143.

Górecki, T. (2002). Katalogbeiträge Nrn. 63-80 (129-145). In W. Seipel (Ed.), Faras: die Kathedrale aus dem Wüstensand. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum.

Jakobielski, S. (2002). Die Baugeschichte der Kathedrale. In W. Seipel (Ed.), Faras: die Kathedrale aus dem Wüstensand (pp. 37–40). Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum.

Jakobielski, S. (2002). Die Chronologie der Wandmalereien in der Kathedrale von Faras. In W. Seipel (Ed.), Faras: die Kathedrale aus dem Wüstensand (pp. 51–56). Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (2002). Die christliche Malerei in Faras und Dongola. Vernissage. Die Zeitschrift Zur Ausstellung, 13, 26–33.

Mierzejewska, B. (2002). Die Malereien von Faras. In W. Seipel (Ed.), Faras: die Kathedrale aus dem Wüstensand (pp. 41–49). Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum.

Mierzejewska, B., & Łaptaś, M. (2002). Katalog. In W. Seipel (Ed.), Faras: die Kathedrale aus dem Wüstensand (pp. 65–99). Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum.

Seipel, W. (Ed.). (2002). Faras: die Kathedrale aus dem Wüstensand. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum.

Jakobielski, S. (2001). Tentative d’identification de certaines peintures de Faras. Études et Travaux, 19, 59–79.

Łaptaś, M., & Jakobielski, S. (2001). “Unknown” mural of the Three Youths in a Fiery Furnace from the Faras Cathedral. In W. Bulsza & L. Sadko (Eds.), Ars graeca, ars latina. Studia dedykowane Annie Rożyckiej-Bryzek (pp. 75–85). Cracow: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.

Mierzejewska, B. (2001). Remarks on decoration of the western wall of narthex in the Faras cathedral. Bulletin Du Musée National de Varsovie, 42, 148–163.

Mierzejewska, B. (2001). The Collection of East Christian Art. The Professor Kazimierz Michałowski Faras Gallery. In K. Murawska-Muthesius & D. Folga-Januszewska (Eds.), National Museum in Warsaw: guide: galleries and study collections (pp. 81–92). Warsaw: Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie.

Scholz, P. O. (2001). Wer war Merkurios der „Bezwinger des Bösen” in der Wandmalerei aus Faras/Pachoras? Ikonizität des Drachentöters im Niltal. Bulletin du Musée National de Varsovie, 42, 164–209.

Godlewski, W. (2000). Początki biskupstwa w Pachoras: katedra Aetiosa [The beginnings of the bishopric of Pachoras. The cathedral of Aetios]. Światowit, 2 (43) Fasc. A, 43–48.

Mierzejewska, B. (1999). Murals in the Bishops’ Chapel, Faras: The visual expression of the ruler’s ideology in Nubia. In S. Emmel, M. Krause, S. G. Richter, & S. Schaten (Eds.), Ägypten und Nubien in spätantiker und christlicher Zeit: Akten des 6. Internationalen Koptologenkongresses, Münster, 20.–26. Juli 1996, I. Materielle Kultur, Kunst und religiöses Leben (pp. 285–295). Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.

van der Vliet, J. (1999). The Church of the Twelve Apostles: The earliest cathedral of Faras? Orientalia, 68(1), 84–97.

Mierzejewska, B. (1998). Zbiory Sztuki Wschodniochrześcijańskiej. Galeria Faras im. Profesora Kazimierza Michałowskiego [The Collection of East Christian Art. The Professor Kazimierz Michałowski Faras Gallery]. In K. Murawska-Muthesius & D. Folga-Januszewska (Eds.), Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie: przewodnik po galeriach, stałych i zbiorach studyjnych (pp. 77–88). Warsaw: Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie.

Łaptaś, M. (1997). A sphere, an orb or a disc? The object held by the archangels in the Faras Cathedral wall paintings. Bulletin Du Musée National de Varsovie, 38(1–4), 24–42.

Łaptaś, M. (1996). Paintings from the Faras Cathedral. The “colour” classification method. Nubian NoteLet, 2, 1–18.

Godlewski, W. (1995). The Bishopric of Pachoras in the 13th and 14th centuries. In C. Fluck, L. Langener, S. G. Richter, S. Schaten, & G. Wurst (Eds.), Divitiae Aegypti: koptologische und verwandte Studien zu Ehren von Martin Krause (pp. 113–118). Wiesbaden: L. Reichert.

Godlewski, W. (1995). The Paulos Cathedral in Faras (Pachoras) and the question of Byzantine influence. In C. F. Moss & K. Kiefer (Eds.), Byzantine East, Latin West: Art-historical studies in honor of Kurt Weitzmann (pp. 235–243). Princeton, NJ: Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University.

Vantini, G. (1994). The Faras mural of the Three Youths in the Fiery Furnace – some observations. In C. Bonnet (Ed.), Études nubiennes: conférence de Genève. Actes du VIIe Congrès international d’études nubiennes, 3–8 septembre 1990, II. Communications (pp. 255–257). Geneva: C. Bonnet.

Godlewski, W., & Zych, I. (1993). Galeria Faras: przewodnik = The Faras Gallery: guide. Warszawa: Muzeum Narodowe.

Godlewski, W. (1992). La frise l’abside de la première Cathédrale de Pachoras (Faras). In P. O. Scholz (Ed.), Orbis Aethiopicus: Studia in honorem Stanislaus Chojnacki natali septuagesimo quinto dicata, septuagesimo septimo oblata (pp. 327–356). Albstadt: K. Schuler.

Godlewski, W. (1992). Some remarks on the Faras Cathedral and its painting. Journal of Coptic Studies, 2, 99–116.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1992). Faras paintings of the period between mid 8th and mid 10th centuries. Études et Travaux, 16, 119–134.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1992). New look at the wall paintings of the Rivergate Church in Faras. In P. O. Scholz (Ed.), Orbis Aethiopicus: Studia in honorem Stanislaus Chojnacki natali septuagesimo quinto dicata, septuagesimo septimo oblata (pp. 363–383). Albstadt: K. Schuler.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1992). Some observations on one of the unpreserved murals from Faras Cathedral. In S. Jakobielski & J. Karkowski (Eds.), 50 years of Polish excavations in Egypt and the Near East: Acts of the Symposium at the Warsaw University 1986 (pp. 217–222). Warsaw: Centre d’archéologie méditerranéenne de l’Académie polonaise des sciences.

Babraj, K. (1990). La symbolique des lettres Γ et H dans l’abside de la Cathédrale de Faras et leur lien avec l’art copte. In W. Godlewski (Ed.), Coptic studies: Acts of the Third International Congress of Coptic Studies, Warsaw, 20–25 August, 1984 (pp. 27–40). Warsaw: PWN.

Balicka-Witakowska, E. (1990). Descente de Croix sur une peinture murale de la cathédrale de Faras. Nubica, 1–2, 459–474.

Górecki, T. (1990). Archangel and Saint Mercurios: New iconographical interpretation of the two murals from Faras Cathedral. Nubica, 1–2, 535–540.

Łukaszewicz, A. (1990). Some remarks on the iconography of anchorites from the Faras Cathedral. Nubica, 1–2, 549–556.

Vantini, G. (1990). The Faras “Golgotha” and the Apocrypha. Nubica, 1–2, 653–659.

Dobrzeniecki, T. (1988). Święta Anna z Faras w Muzeum Narodowym w Warszawie. Symbolika gestu milczenia. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 32, 95–214.

Dobrzeniecki, T. (1987). Nubijska Maiestas Domini z Katedry w Faras w Muzeum Narodowym w Warszawie. Część druga. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 31, 263–390.

Dobrzeniecki, T. (1987). St. Anne from Faras in the National Museum in Warsaw (J. Holzman, Trans.). Bulletin du Musée National de Varsovie, 28(3–4), 46–75.

Galavaris, G. (1986). Observations on the iconography of a Faras “Majestas” and its relatives. In M. Krause (Ed.), Nubische Studien: Tagungsakten der 5. Internationalen Konferenz der International Society for Nubian Studies, Heidelberg, 22.-25. September 1982 (pp. 237–244). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.

Gartkiewicz, P. M. (1986). Cathedral in Faras in the light of an architectural re-analysis. In M. Krause (Ed.), Nubische Studien: Tagungsakten der 5. Internationalen Konferenz der International Society for Nubian Studies, Heidelberg, 22.–25. September 1982 (pp. 245–268). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.

Jakobielski, S. (1986). Faras. In Z. Kiss (Ed.), 50 lat polskich wykopalisk w Egipcie i na Bliskim Wschodzie (pp. 85–90). Warsaw: Dom Słowa Polskiego.

Karkowski, J. (1986). A few remarks on stone used in Christian constructions at Faras. In M. Krause (Ed.), Nubische Studien: Tagungsakten der 5. Internationalen Konferenz der International Society for Nubian Studies, Heidelberg, 22.–25. September 1982 (pp. 311–320). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1986). Observations on repainted murals from Faras. In M. Krause (Ed.), Nubische Studien: Tagungsakten der 5. Internationalen Konferenz der International Society for Nubian Studies, Heidelberg, 22.–25. September 1982 (pp. 329–336). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.

Vantini, G. (1986). Remarks on the Shepherds of the Faras Nativity. In M. Krause (Ed.), Nubische Studien: Tagungsakten der 5. Internationalen Konferenz der International Society for Nubian Studies, Heidelberg, 22.–25. September 1982 (pp. 399–401). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.

Żurawski, B. (1986). Bishops’ tombs in Faras. In M. Krause (Ed.), Nubische Studien: Tagungsakten der 5. Internationalen Konferenz der International Society for Nubian Studies, Heidelberg, 22.–25. September 1982 (pp. 413–421). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.

Dzierżykray-Rogalski, T. (1985). The bishops of Faras: An anthropological-medical study. Warsaw: PWN-Éditions scientifiques de Pologne.

Gamber, K. (1983). Zur Liturgie Nubiens. Die Kathedrale von Faras und ihre Wandmalereien. Ostkirchliche Studien, 32, 21–35.

Jakobielski, S. (1983). Coptic graffiti from Faras. Études et Travaux, 13, 133–137.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1983). L’Archange Michel sur les peintures de Faras. Études et Travaux, 12, 171–193.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1983). Les tissus sur les peintures murales de Faras. Essai d’interprétation technique. Études et Travaux, 13, 257–274.

Dzierżykray-Rogalski, T. (1982). On duration of life of the bishops of Pachoras-Faras. Africana Bulletin, 31(1), 85–89.

Jakobielski, S. (1982). Portraits of the Bishops of Faras. In J. M. Plumley (Ed.), Nubian studies: Proceedings of the Symposium for Nubian Studies, Selwyn College, Cambridge, 1978 (pp. 127–142). Warminster: Aris & Phillips.

Jakobielski, S. (1982). Remarques sur la chronologie des peintures murales de Faras aux VIIIe et IXe siècles. Nubia Christiana, 1, 142–172.

Łukaszewicz, A. (1982). En marge d’une image de l’anachorète Aaron dans la cathédrale de Faras. Nubia Christiana, 1, 192–211.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1982). General results of using decorative ornaments and motifs on Faras murals as a criterion for their dating. Nubia Christiana, 1, 214–222.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1982). Influences extérieures dans l’art nubien: éléments décoratifs dans les peintures murales de faras du VIIIe siècle. Africana Bulletin, 31, 59–73.

Martens-Czarnecka, M. (1982). Les éléments décoratifs sur les peintures de la Cathédrale de Faras. Warsaw: Éditions Scientifiques de Pologne.

Ratyński, Z. (1982). Hand and pectoral crosses from Faras. Nubia Christiana, 1, 223–270.

Gamber, K. (1981). Die nubische Kathedrale von Pachoras (Faras) und ihre Wandmalereien. In K. Gamber, Sancta sanctorum: Studien zur liturgischen Ausstattung der Kirche, vor allem des Altarraums (pp. 13–42). Regensburg: F. Pustet.

Jakobielski, S., & Godlewski, W. (1981). Od Faras do Dongoli [From Faras to Dongola]. Meander, 36(6), 351–355.

Karkowski, J. (1981). The Pharaonic inscriptions from Faras. Warsaw: Éditions scientifiques de Pologne.

Dobrzeniecki, T. (1980). Nubijska Maiestas Domini z Katedry w Faras w Muzeum Narodowym w Warszawie. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 24, 261–341.

Górecki, T. (1980). Z problematyki ikonografii świętych wojowników w malarstwie ściennym Katedry w Faras [On the iconography of saint warriors depicted on the wall paintings of the Faras Cathedral]. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 24, 173–259.

Dobrzeniecki, T. (1979). Maiestas Domini from the Faras Cathedral in the National Museum in Warsaw (prolegomena to the iconography). Bulletin du Musée National de Varsovie, 20, 69–84. https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.18864.11

Godlewski, W. (1979). Les baptistères nubiens. Warsaw: Éditions scientifiques de Pologne.

Jakobielski, S. (1978). Inscriptions from Faras and the problems of the chronology of murals. In BdE: Vol. 77. Études nubiennes: colloque de Chantilly, 2-6 juillet 1975 (pp. 141–151). Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.

Krause, M. (1978). Bischof Johannes III von Faras und seine beiden Nachfolger: Noch einmal zum Problem eines Konfessionswechsel in Faras. In BdE: Vol. 77. Études nubiennes: colloque de Chantilly, 2–6 juillet 1975 (pp. 153–164). Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.

Łukaszewicz, A. (1978). Quelques remarques sur un saint anachorète de Faras. Études et Travaux, 10, 355–362.

Kubińska, J. (1976). Prothesis de la Cathédrale de Faras. Documents et recherches. Revue Des Archéologues et Historiens d’Art de Louvain, 9, 7–37.

Kołodziejczyk, K. (1975). Remarks on the stamped Dongola ware from Faras. Études et Travaux, 8, 315–321.

Szolc, P. (1975). The iconographical programme of the Faras Cathedral. Some marginal remarks Concerning Professor K. Weitzmann’s Theory. Études et Travaux, 8, 295–299.

Dobrzeniecki, T. (1974). Maiestas Crucis in the mural paintings of the Faras Cathedral (now in the National Museum in Warsaw). Some iconographical notes. Bulletin du Musée National de Varsovie, 15(1–2), 6–20.

Dobrzeniecki, T. (1974). Maiestas Domini w zabytkach polskich i obcych z Polską związanych. Część druga. Maiestas Crucis w ściennym malarstwie Nubii (Faras) [Maiestas Domini in Polish or Poland-related cultural objects. Part 2. Maiestas Crucis in the mural paintings of Nubia (Faras)]. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 18, 215–308.

Iwaszkiewicz, B. (1974). La frise de l’abside de la première Cathédrale de Faras. Orientalia Christiana Periodica, 40(2), 377–406.

Jakobielski, S. (1974). Inscriptions. In K. Michałowski, Faras: Wall paintings in the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw (pp. 277–309). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Artystyczno-Graficzne.

Kubińska, J. (1974). Inscriptions grecques chrétiennes. Warsaw: Éditions scientifiques de Pologne.

Martens, M. (1974). Księga jako motyw ikonograficzny w malarstwie ściennym w katedrze w Faras [A book as an iconographic motive in wall paintings in the Faras Cathedral]. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 18, 309–335.

Michałowski, K. (1974). Faras: Wall paintings in the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Artystyczno-Graficzne.

Martens, M. (1973). Observations sur la composition du visage dans les peintures de Faras (IXe-XIIe siècles). Études et Travaux, 7, 163–226.

Godlewski, W. (1972). Faras à l’époque méroïtique. Études et Travaux, 6, 185–193.

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Jędrzejewska, H. (1970). Konserwacja malowidła z niszy z Katedry w Faras [Conservation of the wall painting from the niche in the Faras Cathedral]. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 14, 431–457.

Michałowski, K. (1970). Open problems of Nubian art and culture in the light of the discoveries at Faras. In E. Dinkler (Ed.), Kunst und Geschichte Nubiens in christlicher Zeit: Ergebnisse und Probleme auf Grund der jüngsten Ausgrabungen (pp. 11–28). Recklinghausen: A. Bongers.

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Gołgowski, T. (1969). Scènes de la Passion et de la Résurrection sur une peinture de Faras. Études et Travaux, 3, 207–229.

Jakobielski, S. (1969). Some new data to the history of Christian Nubia as found in Faras’ inscriptions. Klio, 51, 499–503.

Szolc, P. (1969). Some problems of the genesis of painting in Faras. Études et Travaux, 3, 199–206.

Gołgowski, T. (1968). On the iconography of the Holy Virgin represented on Faras murals: Standing Virgin holding the Child on her arm. Études et Travaux, 2, 295–312.

Gołgowski, T. (1967). Z problematyki ikonografii biskupów Pachoras [On the iconography of bishops of Pachoras]. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 11, 175–191.

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Dzierżykray-Rogalski, T. (1966). Remarques sur la typologie anthropologique des fresques de Faras (Pachoras). In M. L. Bernhard (Ed.), Mélanges offerts à Kazimierz Michałowski (pp. 83–89). Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

Jakobielski, S. (1966). Grecka inskrypcja fundacyjna katedry w Faras [Greek founding inscription from the Faras cathedral]. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego W Warszawie, 10, 99–106.

Jakobielski, S. (1966). Two Coptic foundation stones from Faras. In M. L. Bernhard (Ed.), Mélanges offerts à Kazimierz Michałowski (pp. 101–109). Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

Michałowski, K. (1966). Faras: centre artistique de la nubie chrétienne. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.

Jędrzejewska, H. (1965). Konserwacja dwóch malowideł ściennych z Faras [Conservation of two wall paintings from Faras]. Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, 9, 217–261.

Michałowski, K. (1965). Polish excavations at Faras, fourth season, 1963–64. Kush, 13, 177–189.

Michałowski, K. (1965). Fouilles polonaises, 1961-1962. Warsaw: Éditions scientifiques de Pologne.

Michałowski, K. (1964). Die wichtigsten Entwicklungsetappen der Wandmalerei in Faras. In K. Wessel (Ed.), Christentum am Nil (pp. 79–94). Recklinghausen: A. Bongers.

Michałowski, K. (1964). Polish excavations at Faras, 1962–63. Kush, 12, 195–207.

Michałowski, K. (1963). Polish excavations at Faras, second season 1961–62. Kush, 11, 235–256.

Michałowski, K. (1962). Faras, fouilles polonaises 1961. Warsaw: Pánstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

Michałowski, K. (1962). Peintures chrétiennes du VIIe siècle à Faras. Bulletin du Musée National de Varsovie, 3, 3–8.

Michałowski, K. (1962). Polish excavations at Faras 1961. Kush, 10, 220–244.

Wybrana bibliografia stanowiska:

Adams, W. Y. (1961). The Christian potteries at Faras. Kush, 9, 30–43.

Vercoutter, J. (1959). The gold of Kush. The gold-washing stations at Faras East. Kush, 7, 120–153.

Griffith, F. L. (1925). Oxford excavations in Nubia, XXXIV–XXXIX: Classification of the Meroitic graves at Faras. Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, 12, 57–172.

Griffith, F. L. (1925). Pakhoras-Bakharâs-Faras in geography and history. JEA, 11, 259–268.

Griffith, F. L. (1924). Oxford excavations in Nubia, XXX–XXXIII: The Meroitic cemetery at Faras. Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, 11, 141–180.